Near Haifa (Northern Israel) c. 1469 BCE
Egyptian Forces: 10,000 – 20,000 Estimated
Palestinians Forces: 10,000 Estimated
Casualties: 83 Killed; 340 Captured Palestinians
Megiddo—its name evokes thoughts of Armageddon, the final battle in Christian theology. Yet, few realize it's also the site of the first recorded battle, chronicled by Tjaneni, scribe to Pharaoh Thutmose III, marking a pivotal historical moment.
Paul Davis, in "100 Decisive Battles," places the clash on the plains of Megiddo around May 15, 1479, BCE. However, Egyptian dating complexities mean the exact date remains elusive, likely between 1482 and 1457 BCE, fitting my timeline at around 1469 BCE.
Egypt's reach extended across the eastern Mediterranean and parts of Africa in this era. After the peaceful rule of Hatshepsut, Pharaoh Thutmose III embarked on a mission to restore Egypt's power, which would find its climax at Megiddo.
On his coronation anniversary, Thutmose III, a master strategist, faced crucial decisions. Opting for the narrow Aruna Pass, despite his advisors' fears, he outmaneuvered the enemy, who retreated to Megiddo.
Thutmose arranged his forces in an arc west of the city, employing chariots—the pinnacle of ancient warfare. This period saw chariots flourish due to horses' limited strength not yet evolving to the point where they could sustain a rider—the development of composite bows provided a decisive edge.
After dispersing enemy forces, Thutmose's army, like many victors, turned to take, capturing vast spoils but allowing rebels to regroup within Megiddo's walls.
A seven-month siege ensued, culminating in the city's surrender. Thutmose's mercy spared most captives, and Megiddo's fall secured Egypt's regional dominance.
The victory at Megiddo enabled further conquests, solidifying Egypt's empire and heralding a new era in ancient warfare.
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